An Internet Protocol address is a numerical label assigned to each device connected to a computer network that uses the Internet Protocol for communication.
IP address classes
TCP/IP defines five classes of IP addresses: class A, B, C, D, and E. Each class has a range of valid IP addresses. The value of the first octet determines the class. IP addresses from the first three classes (A, B, and C) can be used for host addresses. The other two classes are used for other purposes – class D for multicast and class E for experimental purposes.
IP Classes
| Class | Range | Network Address | Host Address |
|---|---|---|---|
| A | 0-127 | xxx | xxx.xxx.xxx |
| B | 128-191 | xxx.xxx | xxx.xxx |
| C | 192-223 | xxx.xxx.xxx | xxx |
| Class | Address range | Supports |
|---|---|---|
| Class A | 1.0.0.1 to 126.255.255.254 | Supports 16 million hosts on each of 127 networks. |
| Class B | 128.1.0.1 to 191.255.255.254 | Supports 65,000 hosts on each of 16,000 networks. |
| Class C | 192.0.1.1 to 223.255.254.254 | Supports 254 hosts on each of 2 million networks. |
| Class D | 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255 | Reserved for multicast groups. |
| Class E | 240.0.0.0 to 254.255.255.254 | Reserved for future use, or research and development purposes. |
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IP Address
/sbin/ifconfig
lo0: flags=8049<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 16384
options=1203<RXCSUM,TXCSUM,TXSTATUS,SW_TIMESTAMP>
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 0xff000000
inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128
inet6 fe80::1%lo0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x1
nd6 options=201<PERFORMNUD,DAD>
gif0: flags=8010<POINTOPOINT,MULTICAST> mtu 1280
stf0: flags=0<> mtu 1280
en5: flags=8863<UP,BROADCAST,SMART,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
ether ac:de:48:00:11:22
inet6 fe80::aede:48ff:fe00:1122%en5 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x4
nd6 options=201<PERFORMNUD,DAD>
media: autoselect
status: active
en0: flags=8863<UP,BROADCAST,SMART,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
options=400
ether 8c:85:90:d1:95:20
inet6 fe80::f8:1e0d:9fa4:da26%en0 prefixlen 64 secured scopeid 0x5
inet 192.168.0.4ifconfigenp0s5: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 inet 10.211.55.5 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 10.211.55.255 inet6 fe80::9ea5:2f20:a330:da75 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20 inet6 fdb2:2c26:f4e4:0:680b:2724:5a07:e9ed prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x0 inet6 fdb2:2c26:f4e4:0:888f:d549:1299:e42f prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x0 ether 00:1c:42:55:61:b0 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet) RX packets 218270 bytes 320967095 (320.9 MB) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 59468 bytes 3423879 (3.4 MB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0 lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536 inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0 inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10 loop txqueuelen 1000 (Local Loopback) RX packets 4092 bytes 543134 (543.1 KB) RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0 TX packets 4092 bytes 543134 (543.1 KB) TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
ipconfigWindows IP Configuration Ethernet adapter Ethernet: Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : localdomain IPv6 Address. . . . . . . . . . . : fdb2:2c26:f4e4:0:5c2b:5a80:ea1f:2f08 Temporary IPv6 Address. . . . . . : fdb2:2c26:f4e4:0:85eb:50dd:502:d081 Link-local IPv6 Address . . . . . : fe80::5c2b:5a80:ea1f:2f08%8 IPv4 Address. . . . . . . . . . . : 10.211.55.4 Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0 Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : 10.211.55.1
- Mac
type /sbin/ifconfig- Private IP address is 192.168.0.4
- Linux
type ifconfig- Private IP address is 10.211.55.5
- Windows
type ipconfig- Private IP address is 10.211.55.4